Is There a Philippine Public Administration - 1548 Words

In Onofre Corpuzs esssay on Is there a Philippine Public Administration, he negatively stated that there is a Philippine public administration by repeatedly stating, Its all very Filipino. He even stated that ...the existing public administration is faithfully Filipino.. I must agree with his statement because indeed, a Philippine public administration exists, I believe in terms of structure. I would like to quote Alex Brillantes, Jr. and Maricel Fernandez on their statement. Yes we have basic public administration structures and processes. We have an executive branch with the bureaucracy at its core. We have a Philippine legislature. We have a Philippine judiciary. We have Philippine electoral processes and procedures. We have†¦show more content†¦In terms of politics, it was only the pueblo elites, as what Corpuz calls them, who had the opportunity to grab hold of positions such as gobernadorcillos. This reflected the traditional public administration that was present during the Spanish era. But they were just mere symbols of the friars during that time, leading them to another kind of politics in fiesta. Local principlias contested each other for personal glory by being the hermano mayor. Such post was only limited to the pueblo elites and only cared for their personal gains and not for the general welfare of the people. Corpuz stated that this pueblo elites became the basis of Philippine politics into the American colonial period. I must disagree with him in that in some parts. Why? Because such system was not only adapted during the American period because such practices are translated into the Philippine public administration itself. It may be seen that majority of the people who actually participate every election are those who belong to the upper strata of the society. Their economic wealth gives them a political leverage. Theres nothing wrong with this, unless they use their money and connections to advance their self interest in ways deemed unfair for the other parties. University of the Philippines economist Raul Fabella, commenting on theShow MoreRelatedIs There a Philippine Public Administration?1219 Words   |  5 PagesIs there a Philippine Public Administration? The author did not deny the fact that there is a Philippine Public Administration. He, instead, described what kind of Public Administration the Philippines had. It was stated that the public administration of a country is shaped by three major institutions: education, politics and government. The author describes education in the Philippines as poor especially in the areas of science,and History. I have seen so many interviews by fellow Filipinos andRead MoreRamos Administration : The Philippines Essay1550 Words   |  7 PagesRamos Administration   Ã‚  Ã‚   During the Aquino Administration, the Philippines experienced economic growth but also encountered many economic difficulties due to of the lack of foreign investors and coup attempts. In the 1992 elections, Defense Secretary Fidel Ramos, who was endorsed by Aquino, won the presidency with only 23.6 percent of the votes in a seven-way race. Even though Ramos assumed presidency, analysts still viewed the Philippines as a risky investment based off the fact that the per capitaRead MoreThe Philippine Administrative System1709 Words   |  7 PagesThe Philippine Administrative System When talking about Philippine Administrative System, first thing that comes to mind is about the government and its political divisions in the country. It is about the nations’s political hierarchy such as the central government, provinces, municipalities and barangay. However, these divisions and subdivisions can be attributed to our past history. It is not a plant that simply blooms from nowhere. The Philippine Administrative System is dynamic, shaped and evolvedRead MoreBureaucracy in the Philippines - Book Review1611 Words   |  7 PagesBook Review The Bureaucracy in the Philippines Dr. Onofre D. Corpuz ------------------------------------------------- Institute of Public Administration: University of the Philippines, 1957. 268 pp. This book is about the administrative history of the bureaucracy in the Philippines. It spans from the 1560’s when Spain undertook to administer the affairs of the natives of the archipelago to the 1950’s when the Filipinos assumed the responsibility of self-government. The author presented the significantRead MoreGood Storms Coming : Relevance And Implications Of The Philippine War Against Illegal Drugs Essay1484 Words   |  6 PagesRelevance and Implications of the Philippine War against Illegal Drugs of the Duterte Administration Duterte s policy is counterproductive and doing the opposite: it is slaughtering people, it is making the retail (drug) market violent—as a result of state actions, extrajudicial killings and vigilante killings. – Vanda Felbab-Brown, urban violence and internal conflict expert at Brookings Institution Perhaps, Felbab-Brown pointed out something striking from the Philippine president s strategy of confrontingRead MoreEconomic Problem in the Philippines1582 Words   |  7 Pages10 Economic Problems of the Philippines 1. Over-dependence on Global Economy The growth of the Philippines economy drastically slowed to just 3.6% in the first three quarters of 2011, which is significantly less than the 7%-8% growth targeted by administrations Philippine Development Plan (PDP). Though the slowdown may have been due to the ongoing global crisis, it was markedly slower in comparison to other South-East Asian neighbors. Economic performance figures indicated a contractionRead MoreThe Philippines Under Spanish Rule1255 Words   |  6 PagesThe Philippines Under Spanish Rule (1600s – 1800s) Political Changes As a crown colony, the Philippines was administered by the Council of the Indies. Even so, the Spanish officials in the Philippines were appointed by the King of Spain, who issued Royal orders and decrees dealing with the proper administration of the colony. In 1863, the Philippines, as a colony, was placed under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of the Colonies or Overseas Ministry (Ministerio de Ultramar). In order toRead MoreThe Philippine News Media Essay939 Words   |  4 PagesThe Philippine news media today is at a state where they seem to be more and more fearless on their commentary and more vigilant in their society. Significant events, like the infamous Maguindanao massacre, where 57 people, including 34 journalists have been slain, and the recently concluded 2010 Philippine elections, where our nation opened another chapter as we inaugurated our 15th President in Benigno Simeon C. Aquino III, the Filipino people has grown immense awareness in the status of our countryRea d MoreThe Political Environment of the Philippines1001 Words   |  5 PagesThe Political Environment of the Philippines Historical Facts: The Philippines overcame many obstacles in history that reshaped the political environment of modern times. The Philippine islands have a strong Spanish influence. Records in history date back to 1521 where Ferdinand Magellan colonized the islands in the name of Charles I of Spain. The Spanish objectives focused Philippine society toward the spread of Christianity, colonization in the name of Spain, and acquiring key positionsRead Morereaction paper on pork barrel scam1582 Words   |  7 Pages is a political scandal involving the alleged misuse by several members of the Congress of the Philippines of their Priority Development Assistance Fund (PDAF, popularly called pork barrel), a lump-sum discretionary fund granted to each member of Congress for spending on priority development projects of the Philippine government, mostly on the local level. The scam was first exposed in the Philippine Daily Inquirer on July 12, 2013, with the six-part exposà © of the Inquirer on the scam pointing

Shakespeare Greatest Playwright of All Free Essays

William Shakespeare: Greatest Playwright of All William Shakespeare (1564-1616) was a British poet and playwright, he was well known as the greatest writer of all time, he was often called the â€Å"Bard of Avon†. Although many facts of his life remain unknown, his poems and plays are unique and have timeless theme that touch everyone’s heart, and are still widely studied and performed in today’s society. During the reign of Queen Elizabeth I, England enjoyed a time of prosperity and stability that led to a new era for England. We will write a custom essay sample on Shakespeare Greatest Playwright of All or any similar topic only for you Order Now Shakespeare’s works epitomize arts of the Elizabethan Epoch; through his uses of beautiful and poetic language, iambic pentameter is nearly always used in his style of poetry. Shakespeare wrote about timeless themes about the human nature surrounded themes of true love, revenge, power-lust, ambition, anger, war, etc, they are not only appealed to the people of Elizabethan England, but also provide a reference for life in his time for us to view the contemporary society. Shakespeare was born in Stratford-upon Avon in Warwickshire and was baptized on April 26, 1564. His father was a wool merchant and his mother was the daughter of a landowner. The next documented event was his marriage when he was 18 years old to Anne Hathaway who was 26 years old at that time, and they had three children. There was another gap where some scholars referred to as â€Å"the lost years†, then he was working in a theatre in London in 1592. Shakespeare wrote his very first play, Henry VI, Part One in 1589-90, and in  1590-91, Shakespeare wrote Henry VI, Part Two and Henry VI, Part III. Shakespeare’s poetry appeared before his plays, his narrative poems Venus and Adonis as his first ever publication in 1593. Then Shakespeare wrote plays began to be noticed by the public, and sooner became popular. During the Renaissance in Europe there was a great innovation of science; the Church had lost some of the corruptive power that once held over Europe, and people were again free to look back upon the pagan scholars and writers of Greece and Rome. Plays by playwrights such as Euripides, Plautus, and Seneca which were once banned by the Church were once again being read and performed. Likewise, the cultural stories of the people were once again being told in public, and playwrights, including Shakespeare, were widely performed. An good example would be Midsummer Night’s Dream, Shakespeare used ancient Celtic and Greek mythological figures such as Puck, Oberon, Theseus and placed them in a different time and place, but with their original characteristics. Other plays, such as Romeo and Juliet make references to popular mythological figures like Queen Mab to make the story fit better into their world. Since people of all classes attended plays, playwrights needed to use stories, characters and words that would appeal to everyone. England in the time before the reign of Elizabeth I was under a state of religious turmoil. When Elizabeth I ascended to the throne, she banned the performances all religious plays and stories (except in Church) to help stop the violence over religion. Popular plays were   not longer be performed, and playwrights were now free to concentrate on secular stories. They still contained some elements of religion, as did everyday life in Elizabethan England, but it was not the primary focus, nor did it play a particularly important part of the story. Conventions from Medieval religious theatre found its way into Elizabethan Theatre, however, and Shakespeare made good use of them during their performances, such as using the trap door for the gravediggers’ scene in Hamlet. The Hellmouth and trapdoor, which had been a staple of Medieval Theatres continued to be used, and were built into the permanent theatre structures used in the performances of Elizabethan plays. Shakespeare’s histories, such as Henry V, were a tribute to the Monarch and to the country. Many playwrights and other artists paid homage to their patrons, including Shakespeare. By writing about the glories of England and her former rulers he was paying homage to Queen Elizabeth and England. Since the arts were kept alive by patrons, it was best not to anger one and lose your support. Shakespeare sometimes, such as in Hamlet, criticized the Monarchy, but in a way that would not be obvious or outwardly treasonous. He spoke his mind, but also paid lip service to keep money coming from his patron. Shakespeare was a very prolific writer, because his writings are not totally original. He had help with many of his plays from other writers and actors, such as Christopher Marlowe (1564-1593), resulted people doubting that he himself wrote his plays. King Lear is based on a Celtic myth, and Hamlet is a retelling of earlier versions of the same story. Elizabethan plays use stock-type characters like those found in Comedia Del’Arte and Roman plays, and actors would specialize in specific types of roles. The English Renaissance Theatre played a significant part of Elizabethan theatre and Shakespeare’s playwright career. The theatre has a proscenium-arch stage, and seatings on hree tiers (stalls, circle and balcony). Shakespeare first worked for Lord Strange’s Men in The Rose, it is London’s most historic Elizabethan Theatre on Bankside and a home to many of Shakespeare’s and Marlowe’s first production. When the Globe was built, He worked for the Lord Chamberlain’s Men, and was also part owner of the Globe itself. People in Elizabethan England were very concerned with the humour, which was a form of medicine and psychology. Shakespeare makes references to them all over in his plays. Hamlet is portrayed as being to Melancholic, with his humours out of balance, and one was dominant over the others. This is not psychology as we know it today, and was why the people from Elizabethan Era believed people were the way they were. Shakespeare used this belief to make his characters not only believable, but also understandable to his audience. Shakespeare’s works are the greatest representation of art from Elizabethan England politically, economically, and socially. No other art form, including painting, could provide so much information about life in Elizabethan England, we can see the ideas, thoughts, languages, customs, etc throughout his plays. Shakespeare wrote 154 sonnets and 37 plays in total, including tragedy, comedy, and history. The Four Great Tragedies were his greatest achievement as a playwright, and are greatly studied in English literature, performed in theatre, and made into several films; include Romeo and Juliet (1594), the timeless tale of young lovers whose names were synonymous with star-crossed romance; Hamlet (1600), the revenge drama centering on the introspective Prince of Denmark; Othello (1604), a story of gallant soldier and loving husband was undone by jealousy ; and Macbeth (1605), known as â€Å"The Scottish Play†, concerning a nobleman’s overweening ambition. These plays focused on powerful central characters with outstanding personal qualities, and the antagonists were their own strengths,   their family, and the society, which would not allow then to get what they wanted. For example, Romeo and Juliet sought for true love, but they were forbidden to love each other because their families were  mortal enemies, and the story ended tragically where Romeo drugged himself and Juliet stabbed herself with a dagger. Audience of all times are   appalled at this paradox and at the inexorability of his characters’ fate in which because part of our human nature and the cruelty of our society, we don’t always get what we desired deeply. Other tragedies include Julius Caesar (1599), King Lear (1604), Timon of Athens (1607), etc. Comedies include  Merchant of Venice (1596),  Midsummer Night’s Dream 1595),  Twelfth Night (1599),  Two Gentlemen of Verona (1594), etc. History includes  Henry IV, Part I (1597),  Henry IV, Part II (1597),  Henry V (1598),  Henry VI, Part I (1591),  Henry VI, Part II (1590),  Henry VI, Part III (1590),  Henry VIII (1612),  Richard II (1595),  Richard III (1592), King John, etc. Iambic pentameter is meter that Shakespeare nearly used when writing in verse. The reason why Shakespeare’s works are always extraordinary is because most of his plays were written in iambic pentameter, except for lower-class characters who speak in prose. Iambic Pentameter has ten syllables in each line, five pairs of alternating unstressed and stressed syllables. Some examples of Shakespearean Iambic Pentameter is â€Å"Two households, both alike in dignity. â€Å", â€Å"In fair Verona, where we lay our scene. â€Å", â€Å"But, soft! what light through yonder window breaks? â€Å", etc. Shakespeare’s influence continued to impact the society today, his  plays are being performed constantly throughout the world. Every day, one of his plays is being performed somewhere, and probably more than one place. More than 410 feature-length film and TV versions of Shakespeare’s plays or adaption, have been produced, making Shakespeare the most filmed author ever in any language, including Romeo and Juliet (1968), Romeo+Juliet (1996), West Side Story (1961), Gnomeo and Juliet (2011), Othello (1965), Othello (1995), Macbeth (1948), The Tragedy of Macbeth (1971), etc. Some films used Shakespeare as a character, such as  Shakespeare in Love (1998) is a fictional love story about Shakespeare’s romance with a noblewoman, at the time of writing Romeo and Juliet. Many universities offer courses on Shakespeare, such as Shakespeare Studies MA from University of Birmingham, Shakespeare special subject courses from University of Cambridge, Shakespeare and Films from University of Notre Dame, Shakespeare Studies from Boston College, etc. How to cite Shakespeare Greatest Playwright of All, Essay examples

Essay on Corporate Governance

Question: Write an essay on Corporate Governance? Answer: Introduction FRIEDMAN states Corporate Governance is to conduct the business in accordance with the owners or shareholders desires, which generally will be to make as much money as possible while conforming to the basic rules of society embodied in the law and local customs Fernando (2009, p.9). The concept of corporate governance academically is perceived to be the problems which occur after separating ownership from control, from this perspective is the focus of internal structures of the board and the rules for disclosure of information to the shareholders and creditors, also the control of the management. Fernando (2009, p.9) Corporate governance is the pre-requisites for sustainability of a companys survival as also growth Prasad (2011). Corporate governance purpose is to involve the promotion of efficiency with in the capital markets but also demands the importance of the firms capabilities with the stakeholders to have a healthy and stable ambiance on a long term basis. The corporate governance should also improve the board of the directors control in regards to the corporate affairs. The principle of the corporate governance is that the companies should be fair and it policies are transparent to all stakeholders when disclosing the facts and safeguarding the shareholders values. This should also show the accountability of the board to the equity holders/stakeholders. There should be a system of checks and balances which prevents the miss use of power through a timely and corrective action (Prasad, 2011). The arrival of governance codes in 1992, the Cadbury Report was based upon what is considered to be good practice and known to be of a great use for the non executive independent director and the initialization of a separate audit committee with independent members. Critics of the Cadbury Report 1992 argued that this emphasis of for the directors would provide an influence and control for the two tier supervisory board. Also it lacked the legal enforceable sanctions instead of a just delisting the defaulters on the board . In comparison, USA, the companies follow the states law in which they are incorporated. Hilt (2014.p 2). Corporate governance comprehensively alludes to the processes, mechanisms and relations through which organizations are directed and controlled. The governance structure distinguish an appropriation for the righsts and responsibilities for the different members within an organization, where the example could be associated with the directorate, investors, managers, creditors, regulators, and diverse partners) and this involves the guidelines and settling frameworks on corporate issues. Corporate governance includes the courses of action from where the objectives of goal are located and situated after in the connection of the administrative, social and environment market. The mechanisms of governance include overseeing of the activities, choices and approaches of companies emulated by the specialists. The practices of Corporate governance are influenced by endeavors to adjust the stakeholder's interests. Interest in the practices of current corporate governance, especially in connection to responsibility, expanded after the huge falls of several vast companies amid 20012002, the maximum of which incorporate accounts misintrepretation; and afterward the financial crisis in 2008. The scandals on a corporate basis of diverse structures have resulted in a public and political interest for the corporate governance regulation. Within the US, this includes MCI and Enron Inc . Their end is connected with federal government through US imposing the Sarbanes-Oxley Act in 2002, proposing for the restoration of the confidence of public within the corporate governance. Similar disappointments in Australia (One.Tel, HIH) are connected with the consequent entry of the CLERP 9 changes. Comparable disintegrations in several nations triggered huge and increase in regulatory interest . Corporate Governance in Other Jurisdictions Previously, the corporate governance's previous corporate governance model underlines the interests shareholders. It depends on a BODs that is single tiered that is ordinarily overwhelmed by shareholder's elected non executive directors. Due to this, it is otherwise called "the unitary framework". Inside this framework, numerous boards incorporate organizations' executives that are basically board members from ex offico. The directors that are non executive are needed to dwarf and hold key posts for executive directors that includes compensation along with audit committees. Within the Uk, the Chief Executive Director for the most part never additionally serve as a Board Chairman, while within US in accordance with norm of a role that is dual in nature, in spite of major hesitations with respect to the effect on corporate governance . Around US, on a specific basis, corporations are governed by the state laws, while the trading and offering of corporate securities incorporating the shares, and gets administered by the legislation on a federal basis. Several states around US have embraced the MBCA i.e. Model Business Corporate Act, however the predominant state law for publicly traded organizations is Delaware, which keeps on being the place of consolidation for the most of the publicly traded corporations. Individual rules for the organizations that are based upon the corporate sanction and, less legitimately, the corporate ordinances . Shareholders can't start changes in the corporate contract in spite of the fact that they can launch changes to the corporate by laws The UK model first came about in 1844 by the Joint-Stock Companies Act as illustrated by Tricker (1984, p.14) the underlying concepts are constrained by company law. The Board of Directors are the direct deciders on how best to run the company. There is no distinction between executive and non-executive directors in terms of the law. Neither is there the requirement to separate the chairman and the chief executive roles. Compared to a German model, where there is a difference between the governance and management is very clear as well as the description of the respective responsibilities of the two boards. The supervisory board has no executive power over direction or executive action but has the authority to appoint, approve or remove the management board. Hilt (2014 p.2). Interests of Shareholders In contemporary business companies, the primary groups of external stakeholders are shareholders, trade creditors and customers; suppliers, and groups influenced by the activities of corporation. Internal stakeholders' are the governing body i.e. the BODs, employees and other executives A great part of the contemporary interest for corporate governance is concerned with relief of the interest conflict between stakeholders. In vast firms where there is a ownership separation and no controlling shareholder and management, the issue of the principalagent emerges between an upper management i.e. agent which may have separate interests, and by definition significantly more data, than shareholders i.e. the principals. The peril emerges that, as opposed to directing management for the benefit of shareholders, the directorate may get to be protected from shareholders and indebted to management . This perspective is especially displayed in contemporary public debates and advancements emulated by the administrative policy. The way out to prevent or mitigate irreconcilable situations incorporate the techniques, laws, strategies, customs, and institutions which have an effect on the way the control is exercised on an organization. A critical topic of governance is the nature and degree of corporate responsibility. A related discourse at the macro level spotlights on the effect of a framework associated with corporate governance on economic efficiency, with a positive emphasis on the welfare of shareholders. This has resulted in a specific literature that is targeted and had a consideration on an economic analysis. Models of Corporate Governance Distinctive corporate governance models differ as per the free enterprise assortment in which they get lodged. The Anglo-American form of Corporate Governance has a tendency to underline the shareholders' interests. With the Multi stakeholder Model connected with Japan and Continental likewise considers the interests of managers, workers, customers, managers and suppliers. There is a considerable refinement in between the models of network orientated and market orientated corporate governance. A Multi-partner Model is an organizational structure or framework which makes an adoption of the process of multi stakeholder procedure of policy making or governance, which expects to unite the essential stakeholders, for example, organizations, governments civil society, research institutions and NGOs to chip in and engage in the dialog, implementation of the solutions for goals or common issues . A stakeholder alludes to an individual, group or association that has an interest whether direct or indirect within a particular organization; that is, a given activity can impact the actions of an organization, policies and decisions to accomplish results Different Perspectives of Defining Corporate Governance Corporate governance has additionally been all the more barely characterized as a law framework and methodologies are sound by which companies are controlled and coodinated by concentrating on both internal and external structures within a corporate level with the plan of observing the director activities and management and in this way, alleviating the risks within an agency which might develop from the corporate officers wrongdoings. One of the sources characterizes CGas "the arrangement of terms that makes a bargaining of hte generated quasi rents for firm. The firm is illustrated as acting for the governance structure through the mechanism of contract. Here corporate governance may incorporate its connection to corporate finance as well. Principles of Corporate Governance Contemporary discourses of corporate governance have a tendency to allude to standards brought up in three released documents following 1990: The Cadbury Report, the Principles of Corporate Governance, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 The According to OECD, it reports current general standards around which organizations are relied upon to operate to guarantee a relevant governance. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act, casually alluded to as Sox or Sarbox, is an endeavor by the government in the United States to enact a few of the standards suggested in the OECD and Cadbury reports . An equitable and rights treatment of shareholders: Organizations ought to regard the privileges of shareholders and help shareholders to practice those rights. They can help shareholders practice their rights by transparently and successfully imparting data and by urging shareholders to take an interest in typical meetings. Interests of Shareholders: Organizations ought to perceive that they have legitimate, contractual, market driven and social obligations to the stakeholders that are non shareholder that includes employees, suppliers, investors, creditors, communities, clients and other policy makers. Board Responsibilities: The board needs adequate pertinent aptitudes and comprehension to audit and challenge the performance management. It likewise needs satisfactory size and suitable levels of commitment and independence . Ethical behavior and Integrity: Integrity ought to be a key necessity in picking corporate officers and board individuals. Organizations ought to add a code of conduct for their executives and directors that makes a promotion of responsible and ethical decision making. Transparency and Disclosure: Organizations ought to clear up and develop publicly known responsibility of management and board to furnish stakeholders with a level of responsibility. They ought to likewise execute strategies to freely check and protection of the uprightness of the organization's financial reporting. Exposure of material matters concerning the organization to be convenient and adjusted to guarantee that all speculators have admittance to clear, true data. Volkswagen Corporate Governance Issues At Volkswagen, there were several corporate governance issues. The main issue focused on the between electing institutional investors and other conflicts of interests. One basis purpose behind why Germany's greatest firms have not cut numerous occupations is its appreciated model of capitalism on a stakeholder basis, which flourished after the Second World War and added to its quick financial development until the 1980s. Under this model, laborers' delegates fill a large portion of the seats on supervisory boards of the firm. A different administration board is in charge of maintaining the business normal. Organizations are additionally needed to act in light of a legitimate concern for all "partners", not simply of shareholders. That develops some sort of tension between jobs and profits. It is explored that 83% of the surveyed German directors considered that the organizations they worked for had a place with partners instead of shareholders. Almost 60% said that sparing occupations was more critical than paying profits. In America and Britain, by complexity, very nearly 90 percent of managers said that paying profits was more critical than saving occupations and 75 percent of managers felt that organizations fit in with their shareholders. Conclusion Corporate governance purpose is to involve the promotion of efficiency with in the capital markets but also demands the importance of the firms capabilities with the stakeholders to have a healthy and stable ambiance on a long term basis. The corporate governance should also improve the board of the directors control in regards to the corporate affairs. Corporate governance extensively alludes to the mechanisms, relations and processes by which organizations are coordinated and directed . The administrative structures recognize the distributions of responsibilities and rights among distinctive members in the enterprise, (for example, the directorate, directors, shareholders, auditors and regulators) and incorporates the procedures and rules for the decision making in corporate affairs. Corporate governance incorporates the procedures through which companies' goals are situated and sought after in the setting of the regulatory, social and market environment. References Bhasa, M. P., 2011. Global corporate governance: debates and challenges. Corporate Governance: The international journal of business in society, 4(2), pp. 5-17. Kushkowski, J. D., 2010. Core Journals in Corporate Governance: An International Review: implications for Collection Management. CORE JOURNALS IN CORPORATE GOVERNANCE, 12(4), pp. 12-28. Moir, L., 2012. What do we mean by corporate social responsibility?. Corporate Governance: The international journal of business in society, 1(2), pp. 16-22. Shleifer, A., 2011. A Survey Of Corporate Governance. Journal of Finance, 14(2), pp. 15-27. Spitzeck, H., 2010. Stakeholder governance: how stakeholders influence corporate decision making. Corporate Governance: The international journal of business in society, 10(4), pp. 378-391. Talamo, G., 2012. Corporate governance and capital flows. Corporate Governance: The international journal of business in society, 11(3), pp. 228-243. Thomsen, S., 2011. Corporate values and corporate governance. Corporate Governance: The international journal of business in society, 4(4), pp. 29-46. Vinten, G., 2010. The corporate governance lessons of Enron. Corporate Governance: The international journal of business in society, 2(4), pp. 4-9. Hilt, E) 2014, 'History of American corporate governance: Law, institutions, and politics',Annual Review Of Financial Economics, 6, p. 1-21, Scopus, EBSCOhost, viewed 12 March 2015 Prasad, K, Corporate Governance, 2nd Edition. 2011 by PHI Learning Private Limited, New Delhi, E-Book 5th November 2011 p. 285-286, Viewed on 05 March 2015 Fernando, A.C.,2009 Corporate Governance Principles, policies and Practices, 3rd Edition, Dorling Kindersley (India) PVT Ltd, Licence of Pearson Education in South Asia, New Delhi p.9-10 Tricker, R. I, 1984, Corporate Governance, Gower, Vermont